January 22, 2025

How to Connect to DuckDB with dbt Developer Hub

DuckDB integrates with dbt using the dbt-duckdb adapter for efficient OLAP analytics and SQL-based transformations in a lightweight, embedded environment.
Dexter Chu
Product Marketing

What is DuckDB and how does it integrate with dbt?

DuckDB is an embedded database uniquely designed for OLAP-style analytics, excelling in analytical query processing. It is lightweight and can be embedded within applications, offering high-performance SQL analytics without the overhead of traditional database systems. dbt (data build tool) is widely used in data transformation workflows, offering SQL-based transformations and is known for its version control and testing capabilities. Integrating DuckDB with dbt allows users to leverage powerful data transformation functions in a lightweight, embedded analytics environment.

To connect DuckDB with dbt, you utilize the dbt-duckdb adapter. This integration is straightforward but requires specific steps for installation and configuration, ensuring compatibility between the two systems.

How to install the dbt-duckdb adapter?

The first step in connecting DuckDB with dbt is installing the dbt-duckdb adapter. This adapter is crucial as it enables dbt to communicate with DuckDB, allowing transformations to be executed directly within the DuckDB environment.

Steps for installation

To install the dbt-duckdb adapter, use the Python package manager pip. It's essential to note that starting from version 1.8, installing dbt-duckdb does not automatically include dbt-core. Thus, users must ensure dbt-core is also installed if it’s not already. Compatibility is key, so ensure you are using dbt Core version v1.0.1 or newer, and DuckDB should be version 0.3.2 or higher to use the adapter effectively.

How to configure DuckDB with dbt using profiles.yml?

Once the dbt-duckdb adapter is installed, configuration is the next step. The configuration involves setting up the profiles.yml file to define how dbt connects to DuckDB.

Configuration details

Set the type to duckdb to specify the adapter type. Define the path pointing to the local filesystem path for the DuckDB database file and log. Optional configuration settings include specifying a non-default schema, loading additional DuckDB extensions, and custom configurations like S3 connections or handling parquet files with AWS credentials.

This configuration is crucial for enabling dbt to perform data transformations within DuckDB, utilizing the specified environment and settings.

What are the advantages and challenges of using DuckDB with dbt?

Integrating DuckDB with dbt offers several advantages and challenges that need to be considered:

Advantages

  • Embedded Nature: DuckDB's embedded nature means it integrates seamlessly within applications, providing high-performance analytics without the need for a standalone database server.
  • OLAP Optimization: It is optimized for OLAP queries, making it ideal for analytical workloads.
  • Simplicity and Portability: The configuration is straightforward, and DuckDB's lightweight nature makes it portable across different environments.

Challenges

  • Community Maintenance: The dbt-duckdb adapter is maintained by community contributors, which might pose challenges in getting support compared to official dbt-supported adapters.
  • Limited Cloud Support: dbt Cloud does not support the dbt-duckdb adapter, which could be a limitation for organizations relying on dbt Cloud for their transformation workflows.

What is the community and version compatibility support?

The dbt-duckdb adapter is maintained by community authors, including contributors like Josh Wills. This community-driven approach ensures continuous improvements and updates, although it lacks the formal support structure of official dbt integrations.

Version compatibility and contributions

dbt Core supports versions v1.0.1 and newer, while DuckDB requires version 0.3.2 or higher to ensure all functionalities are accessible. Contributions come from various developers and data enthusiasts, ensuring the adapter stays updated with the latest features and fixes.

How does the integration enable efficient data workflows?

The integration of DuckDB with dbt facilitates efficient data workflows by combining the strengths of both tools. dbt provides robust transformation capabilities, allowing users to write SQL-based transformations that can be executed within DuckDB's high-performance engine. With support for extensions, users can scale their analytics capabilities, including handling complex data formats like parquet files directly within DuckDB. Although not supported by dbt Cloud, the local environment setup provides flexibility for developers to test and deploy analytics workflows efficiently.

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